Nothing of Importance Happened Today Essay -- History Great Britain En

Nothing of Importance Happened Today On July 4, 1776, King George III of Great Britain wrote in his diary: â€Å"Nothing of Importance Happened Today†. Due to the length of time it took for news to reach London from America, King George could not have foreseen how ironic those words would become. The same could be said of those involved in the events surrounding the crash of an airborne object in Roswell, New Mexico on a hot July night in 1947. HOW IT BEGAN: A Crash in Roswell, New Mexico ON-THE-SCENE EYEWITNESSES DESCRIBE CRASH AND UNUSUAL WRECKAGE On the night of July 4, 1947, William Woody, who lived east of Roswell, was outside with his father at their ranch, when they saw a brilliant fiery object plunge to the ground (IUFOMRC). On the morning of July 8th, Roswell Sheriff George Wilcox, who along with W. W. â€Å"Mac† Brazell, found the crashed object on the J. B. Foster sheep ranch near Corona, 85 miles northwest of Roswell. Brazell, who lived on a nearby ranch, had notified the sheriff the day before about the crash (AJ). Wilcox called Major Jesse Marcel, Intelligence Officer at the nearby Roswell Army Air Force Base[1], informing him of his find. Marcel, joined by Sheriff Wilcox and Sheridan Cavitt, Counter-Intelligence Officer from the Roswell base, raced to investigate the crash site (Jaroff). Brazell, waited near the crash site while Wilcox, Marcel, and Cavitt investigated the crash site, and later reported that Wilcox described the crash site to him, including details of wreckage with undecipherable characters and markings on some of the debris, which had been scattered over a large area (IUFOMRC). Glenn Dennis was working as a mortician at Ballard Funeral Home in Roswell. Dennis reported receiving phone ... ...ork. 18 Feb. 1994. Fleck, John. â€Å"Bringing ‘Roswell Incident’ Back to Earth†. Albuquerque Journal. Tuesday, July 31, 2001. Handy, Bruce. â€Å"Roswell or bust: a town discovers manna crashing from heaven and becomes the capital of America's alien nation.† Time, June 23, 1997: p62. IUFOMRC: International UFO Museum and Research Center. â€Å"The Roswell Incident†. Jaroff, Leon. â€Å"Did Aliens Really Land?† Time Magazine, July 23, 1997. Megadeth. Hangar 18. Los Angeles, California: Capitol Records, 1992. Roswell Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Roswell UFO Festival - 2002 - Calendar of Events† USAF: United States Air Force Web Information Service. â€Å"Roswell Report: Case Closed† June 24, 1997. [1] Prior to 1948, the United States Air Force was a branch of the United States Army, and at the time of the Roswell crash, was still known as the United States Army Air Force. Nothing of Importance Happened Today Essay -- History Great Britain En Nothing of Importance Happened Today On July 4, 1776, King George III of Great Britain wrote in his diary: â€Å"Nothing of Importance Happened Today†. Due to the length of time it took for news to reach London from America, King George could not have foreseen how ironic those words would become. The same could be said of those involved in the events surrounding the crash of an airborne object in Roswell, New Mexico on a hot July night in 1947. HOW IT BEGAN: A Crash in Roswell, New Mexico ON-THE-SCENE EYEWITNESSES DESCRIBE CRASH AND UNUSUAL WRECKAGE On the night of July 4, 1947, William Woody, who lived east of Roswell, was outside with his father at their ranch, when they saw a brilliant fiery object plunge to the ground (IUFOMRC). On the morning of July 8th, Roswell Sheriff George Wilcox, who along with W. W. â€Å"Mac† Brazell, found the crashed object on the J. B. Foster sheep ranch near Corona, 85 miles northwest of Roswell. Brazell, who lived on a nearby ranch, had notified the sheriff the day before about the crash (AJ). Wilcox called Major Jesse Marcel, Intelligence Officer at the nearby Roswell Army Air Force Base[1], informing him of his find. Marcel, joined by Sheriff Wilcox and Sheridan Cavitt, Counter-Intelligence Officer from the Roswell base, raced to investigate the crash site (Jaroff). Brazell, waited near the crash site while Wilcox, Marcel, and Cavitt investigated the crash site, and later reported that Wilcox described the crash site to him, including details of wreckage with undecipherable characters and markings on some of the debris, which had been scattered over a large area (IUFOMRC). Glenn Dennis was working as a mortician at Ballard Funeral Home in Roswell. Dennis reported receiving phone ... ...ork. 18 Feb. 1994. Fleck, John. â€Å"Bringing ‘Roswell Incident’ Back to Earth†. Albuquerque Journal. Tuesday, July 31, 2001. Handy, Bruce. â€Å"Roswell or bust: a town discovers manna crashing from heaven and becomes the capital of America's alien nation.† Time, June 23, 1997: p62. IUFOMRC: International UFO Museum and Research Center. â€Å"The Roswell Incident†. Jaroff, Leon. â€Å"Did Aliens Really Land?† Time Magazine, July 23, 1997. Megadeth. Hangar 18. Los Angeles, California: Capitol Records, 1992. Roswell Chamber of Commerce. â€Å"Roswell UFO Festival - 2002 - Calendar of Events† USAF: United States Air Force Web Information Service. â€Å"Roswell Report: Case Closed† June 24, 1997. [1] Prior to 1948, the United States Air Force was a branch of the United States Army, and at the time of the Roswell crash, was still known as the United States Army Air Force.

Agriculture of Pakistan Essay

Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan’s economy and accounted for 25. 9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates. The sector directly supports three-quarters of the country’s population, employs half the labor force , and contributes a large share of foreign exchange earnings. The main agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on one of the world’s largest irrigation systems to support production. There are 2 principal seasons. Cotton, rice, and sugarcane are produced during the kharif season, which lasts from May to November. Wheat is the major rabi crop, which extends from November to April. The key to a much-needed improvement of productivity lies in a more efficient use of resources, principally land and water. However, change is dependent on the large landowners who own 40 percent of the arable land and control most of the irrigation system, which makes widespread reform difficult. Assessments by independent agencies, including the World Bank, show these large landholdings to be very unproductive. Pakistan is a net importer of agricultural commodities. Annual imports total about US$2 billion and include wheat, edible oils, pulses, and consumer foods. Pakistan is one of the world’s largest producers of raw cotton. The size of the annual cotton crop—the bulk of it grown in Punjab province—is a crucial barometer of the health of the overall economy, as it determines the availability and cost of the main raw material for the yarn-spinning industry, much of which is concentrated around the southern port city of Karachi. Official estimates put the 1999-2000 harvest at some 11. 2 million 170-kilogram bales, compared with the 1998-99 outturn of 8. 8 million bales and the record 12. 8 million bales achieved in 1991-92. The government recently actively intervened in the market to boost prices and to encourage production. A major problem is that the cotton crop is highly susceptible to adverse weather and pest damage, which is reflected in crop figures. After peaking at 2. 18 million tons in 1991-92, the lint harvest has since fluctuated considerably, ranging from a low of 1. 37 million tons in 1993-94 to a high of 1. 9 million tons in 1999-2000. The 2000-01 wheat crop was forecast at a record 19. 3 million tons, compared to 17. 8 million tons produced during the previous year. This increase is due largely to favorable weather and a 25-percent increase in the procurement price to about US$135 per ton. About 85 percent of the crop is irrigated. Despite the record production, Pakistan will continue to be a major wheat importer. The government has imported an average of US$2. 4 million annually over the past 5 years. The United States and Australia are the major suppliers. Demand for wheat is increasing from Pakistan’s rapidly growing population as well as from cross-border trade with Afghanistan. Pakistan is a major rice exporter and annually exports about 2 million tons, or about 10 percent of world trade. About 25 percent of exports is Pakistan’s famous fragrant Basmati rice. Rice is Pakistan’s second leading source of export earnings. Private traders handle all exports. Pakistan’s main competitors in rice trade are Thailand, Vietnam, and India. Tobacco is grown mainly in the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab and is an important cash crop . Yields in Pakistan are about twice those for neighboring countries largely due to the extension services provided by the industry. Quality, however, is improving only slowly due to problems related to climate and soil. Farmers have started inter-cropping tobacco with vegetables and sugarcane to increase returns. About half of the total production is used for cigarette manufacturing and the remainder used in traditional ways of smoking (in hand-rolled cigarettes called birris, in water pipes, and as snuff). The share of imported tobacco is increasing gradually in response to an increased demand for high-quality cigarettes. Minor crops account for only 5 percent of total cultivated area; these include oilseeds (sunflower, soybean), chilies, potatoes, and onions. Domestic oilseed production accounts only for about 25 percent of Pakistan total edible oil needs. As a result, Pakistan spends more than US$1 billion annually in scarce foreign exchange to import edible oils, while its oilseed processing industry operates at less than 25 percent of capacity due to an inadequate supply of oilseeds. For 2000-01 total oilseed production was forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3. 6 million tons. The government has highlighted development of the oilseed sector as a priority. Pakistan’s fishing industry is relatively modest, but has shown strong growth in recent years. The domestic market is quite small, with per capita annual consumption of approximately 2 kilograms. About 80 percent of production comes from marine fisheries from 2 main areas, the Sindh coast east from Karachi to the Indian border, and the Makran coast of Baluchistan. Ninety percent of the total marine catch is fish; the shrimp which constitute the remainder are prized because of their greater relative value and demand in foreign markets. During 1999-00, total fish production was 620,000 tons, of which 440,000 tons consisted of sea fish and the remainder were fresh-water species. About one-third of the catch is consumed fresh, 9 percent is frozen, 8 percent canned, and about 43 percent used as fish meal for animal food. Livestock accounts for 40 percent of the agricultural sector and 9 percent of the total GDP. Principal products are milk, beef, mutton, poultry, and wool. During 1999, the livestock population increased to 120 million head. That same year Pakistan generated 970,000 tons of beef, 640,000 tons of mutton, and 190,000 tons of poultry. In an effort to enhance milk and meat production, the government recently launched a comprehensive livestock development project with Asian Development Bank assistance. Poultry production provides an increasingly popular low-cost source of protein. Modern poultry production is constrained by high mortality, high incidence of disease, poor quality chicks, and poor quality feed, combined with an inadequate marketing system. Frozen poultry have only recently been introduced. Forests cover an area of 4. 2 million hectares or about 5 percent of the total area of Pakistan. The principal forest products are timber, principally for house construction, furniture, and firewood. Many of the country’s wooded areas are severely depleted as a result of over-exploitation. The government has restricted cutting to protect remaining resources—though corruption often jeopardizes environmental efforts—and has lowered duties to encourage imports. Forestry production has since declined from 1. 07 million cubic meters in 1990-91 to 475,000 cubic meters in 1998-99. Pakistan imports an estimated US$150 million of wood products annually to meet the requirements of a growing population and rising demand by a wealthy elite.

5 Strategies for Private School Admissions Test Prep

Most private schools require applicants to take a standardized test as part of the admission process. Essentially what the schools are trying to determine is how prepared you are for the academic work that they want you to be able to do. The most commonly used tests in independent schools are the SSAT and the ISEE, but ther are others that you may encounter. For example, Catholic schools use HSPTs and COOPs which are similar in content and purpose. If you think of the SSAT and ISEE like the college level SAT or its preparatory test, the PSAT, then you get the idea. The tests are organized in several sections, each designed to assess a specific skill set and knowledge level. Here are several tips to help you best prepare for this important exam. 1. Start Test Prep Early Begin final preparation for your admissions test in the spring for testing in the following fall. While these standardized tests measure what you have learned over the course of many years, you should begin working some practice tests in the spring and summer before you actually take the real thing in the late fall. There are several test prep books that you can consult.  Want some study tips? Check out this blog for some SSAT test prep strategies. 2. Dont Cram Last minute cramming is not going to be very productive when it comes to learning material you should have been learning over several years. The SSAT is designed to test what you have learned over time at school. Its not designed so that you have to learn new material, just master the material you have been learning in school. Instead of cramming, you might consider working hard in school and then during the last few weeks before the test, concentrate on three areas: know what is expectedtake practice testsreview subject material 3. Know the Test Format Knowing what is expected when you step through the door to the testing room is just as important as taking practice tests. Memorize the format of the test. Know what material will be covered. Learn all the variations in the way a question can be presented or worded. Think like the examiner. Paying attention to details like how youll take the exam and how it is scored can help you excel overall. Want more test prep strategies? Check out this blog on how to prepare for the SSAT and ISEE. 4. Practice Taking practice tests is critical to your success in these standardized tests. You have a certain number of questions which must be answered within a fixed time. So you must work to beat the clock. The best way to perfect your skills is to actually try to duplicate the test environment. Try to match the test conditions as closely as possible. Set aside a Saturday morning to work a practice test to the clock. Make sure that you do the practice test in a quiet room and have a parent present you the exam, just as if you were in the actual testing room. Imagine yourself in the room with dozens of your classmates taking the same test. No cell phone, snacks, iPod or TV. If you are really serious about honing your timing skills, you should repeat this exercise at least twice. 5. Review Reviewing subject material means exactly that. If you have pursued your studies in an organized manner, that  means pulling out those notes from a year ago and going over them carefully. Note what you didnt understand. Practice what you werent sure of by writing it out. Thats a common test prep strategy, writing things out, because for many people, this strategy will help them remember things better. As you practice and review, make a note of where you excel and where you need assistance, and then get help in the areas where you have deficiencies. If you plan to take the tests next year, understand the material now so that you can nail them. Dont put off thorough test preparation. Remember: you cannot cram for these tests. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

The Case Of Maryland V King - 1670 Words

As technology advances, the world is forced to adapt as an increasingly quick pace. Specifically, our justice system must consider the constitutionality of surveillance and other information gathering techniques and how they coincide with current interpretations of the Fourth Amendment which protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court addressed this issue in the 2013 case of Maryland v King explicitly related to the legality of DNA collection of individuals early in the booking process for serious crimes. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that pre-conviction DNA collection of those arrested for serious crimes is constitutional and does not violate the Fourth Amendment; a decision that will†¦show more content†¦Justices Anthony Kennedy, John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer, and Samuel Alito made up the majority of the court with the opinion founded upon the assertion that DNA testing is a comparable method of identificati on to fingerprinting and photographing arrestees. Justice Anthony Kennedy, wrote the opinion of the court, â€Å"sits at the court’s ideological center and joins the court’s four-member liberal wing about a third of the time when it divides along partisan lines.† As a Republican, this makes him stand out as he actively resisted the kind of political polarization faced by the court. Kennedy’s swing vote is important in the consideration of our formal and informal actors in the courts decision as he, and the other justices, are considered the formal actors. DNA testing is the most accurate way to identify an individual, and should therefore be used to increase the effectiveness of our justice system. This brings to light the issue of genetic privacy. Society questions the motives of government in DNA collection and floods the media, which acts as an informal actor on the court, with ideas of this invasion of privacy and encroachment of biological liberties. The 2010 article, Create a National DNA Database? stated that â€Å"such sensitive information is prone to misuse, and one should not have such blind faith in the security of government access to it.† EPIC, the electronic privacyShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Dna Databasing Is Not Only A Controversial Subject846 Words   |  4 Pagesdatabasing has been used successfully to solve crimes, as well as prove people’s innocence. Does this fact allow investigators to use DNA without a person’s full consent for the greater good? The concept of bodily autonomy says no, but laws and court cases have been interpreted as to say keeping DNA databases are lawful. The morality of keeping DNA databases are up to interpretation of various factors. The purpose of DNA databasing is to assist investigators in solving crimes, as shown by several states’Read MoreDna Testing And The Second Amendment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesevidence. Questions could arise regarding testing procedures. There are several testing methods that have been proven reliable and easily pass general acceptance and scientific validity tests. This is causes number of Daubert cases questioning DNA to decline. â€Å"In most cases, the tests that are used are well established and do not require a separate hearing† (Hails, 160) Once it is established the testing method used passes the Daubert test, the court must determine admissibility based on the FourthRead MoreThe Court Of Appeals Of Maryland1293 Words   |  6 PagesI: Case The Court of Appeals of Maryland Number 69 September Term, 2012. Glenn Joseph Raynor v. State of Maryland. Case number 12-K-08-001527. Argued: April 8, 2014. Decided: August 27, 2014 II. Case Summary This appeal evolved out of a 2006 rape case that occurred in Harford county Maryland. More than two years after the incident the victim identified Glenn Joseph Raynor, hereby known as petitioner, as a possible suspect. After departing a voluntary police interview in which petitioner ultimatelyRead MoreThe First African American Justice Of The Supreme Court, And Served For 24 Years1113 Words   |  5 Pagesbootstraps.† I was a civil rights activist, attorney, and judge. I argued and won a variety of cases to end many forms of legalized racism that helped to inspire the American Civil Rights Movement. Some people say that I was instrumental in ending legal segregation that helped earned me an important place in American history, I am Thurgood Marshall. Early Life I was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland to William and Norma Marshall. My father was the grandson of a slave, who worked as a waiterRead MoreMajor Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall1482 Words   |  6 PagesJudiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. 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A defendantRead MoreThe Evolution of Warrantless Searches With Alcohol, Blood, And DNA With the creation of the2200 Words   |  9 Pagesclause introduces a circumstance which warrants are non-essential. Furthermore, both the expectation of privacy and certain circumstances to preserve government interests have collectively emerged from the two clauses. Consequently throughout court cases in the U.S, the protections of the Fourth Amendment have resulted in disagreement explicitly concerning searches violating a person’s privacy and reasonable searches for where no warrants are required. Recently, blood and DNA extractions embody anRead More Major Supreme Court Cases Under Judge John Marshall Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesJudiciary System. One of his major decisions was in the case Marbury v. Madison, in which he set the precedent of judicial review. Another major decision is in the case McCulloch v. Maryland, in this case Marshall ruled that Congress possesses certain implied powers. Other major decisions made by Marshall were in the cases Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden, in which Marshall defined national power over interstate commerce, and Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"John Marshall was theRead MoreSeperate Is Not Equal Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States. This struggle was not only about children and their education, but also about issues of race and equal opportunity in America. The decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka initiated educational and social reform throughout the United States. However, without the dedication brought by Charles H. Houston, the case of equality or the Civil Rights Movement might not have advanced to where it is today. Up until the late 1950s, public schools had been segregated throughout southernRead MoreV. St. Louis Hockey Club1617 Words   |  7 PagesMcKichan v. St. Louis Hockey Club, L.P. was a personal injury case filed on March 17, 1998, in which the plaintiff claimed that the defendant club should be held vicariously liable for their employee’s actions that caused the plaintiff’s injury. The injury in question occurred in Peoria, Illinois during an IHL game on December 15, 1990 between the Peoria Rivermen and the Milwaukee Admirals. While the St. Louis Hockey Club technically wasn’t playing in the game, they can be held liable for the injury

John Calvin And The Protestant Reformation - 1462 Words

Ch. 3: Settling the Northern Colonies (1619-1700) The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism King Henry VIII led the Protestant Reformation, but John Calvin was the one who really took protestantism further, which made the English leave England and go to America. -When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, that led to the protestant reformation. -John Calvin was the leader of â€Å"Calvinism†, which focused on predestination. -Conversion was a religious event that placed you as either and â€Å"elect† or a â€Å"visible saint,† and were then expected to lead out their lives as either one. -Separatists were a group of Puritans who left the Church of England. The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Some factors was the hard work ethic†¦show more content†¦-Freeman were religious locals who annually elected a governor and a General Court of representatives. -John Cotton was a devoted Puritan who was a minister at the Bay Colony. -Michael Wigglesworth wrote a religious poem called, The Day of Doom, Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth Those who had different views were punished severely and were not allowed to vote. -Anne Hutchinson was a woman who went against the Puritan doctrine and in a result was kicked out of the Bay Colony. -Roger Williams was a Salem minister who also went against the Puritans and was also kicked out. -Anne Hutchinson created the belief called â€Å"Antinomianism† which stated that one should not obey the divine laws of a religion. The Rhode Island â€Å"Sewer† The difference was that in Rhode Island there was religious freedom. -Since Roger Williams was kicked out for Bay Colony, he went to Rhode Island. -In Rhode Island, he accepted religious freedom for everyone. Makers of America: The English Some ways was that they had legislative governments that revolved around the English Parliament and they also focused on one main religion. New England Spreads Out In 1691, Maine became a part of Massachusetts, but Maine broke off in 1819 to become and independent state. Connectit was established by Thomas Hooke so that he could get away from the harsh rules of religion and politics. -Thomas Hooker led the Puritans in Hartford. -Fundamental Orders was aShow MoreRelatedProtestant Reformation1706 Words   |  7 PagesPAPER 1 (PROTESTANT REFORMATION) DOUGLAS HOLLOWAY STUDENT ID# 23766838 CHHI 302_DO5_201340 FALL 2013 DR. KEITH GOAD LIBERTY UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 05, 2013 As a result of increased corruption in the Catholic Church, a significant number of priests in the 16th century tried to transform Christianity back to its previous Biblical basis and simplicity. Initially, priests channeled much of their efforts in reforming the church, but they discovered that it was very challenging, andRead MoreThe Problem Of Sorcery And Witchcraft Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesProblem of Sorcery and Witchcraft in the Age of Reformation,† the section â€Å"John Calvin: Witchcraft and the Reformation† discusses what is considered witchcraft, and why it is. In his â€Å"Sermon of Deuteronomy,† John Calvin does this by distinguishing the roles of â€Å"Enchanters, Sorcerers, Calkers, workers with Familiars, and of such as ask counsel of the dead,† within context of both old and new testaments and the church reformation. 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The Protestant Reformation marked a massive alteration of religion. New religious ideas flourished during the Reformation, thus, challenging the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. A storm of question began to emerge against the Roman Catholic Church becauseRead MoreJohn Calvin s Contributions Of The Reformation1370 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin’s Contributions John Calvin was one of the reformers who would bring reformation to the city of Geneva and help establish the Protestant faith among the community of Geneva and throughout Europe. His strength in the reformation was his ability to organize. John Calvin was a major Contributor as a reformer in Geneva. The Protestants were scattered heavily throughout Europe, and were considered leaders of the Reformation. 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The reformation ended the dominance of Europe by the Catholic church, separating Christians into Protestants and Catholics, and was a turning point in religious and European history. At the beginning of the 16th Century, Europe was dominantly Catholic. The CatholicRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Words   |  4 Pageswhat his works taught. The Protestant Reformation was a movement during the 16th century, which aimed to reform some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was led by a German monk named Martin Luther and was further modified by John Calvin, a French theologian and Henry VIII, the king of England. The ideas bought forward by these individuals started the Protestant Reformation, which triggered wars, prosecutions and the Counter-Reformation. Martin Luther was responsibleRead MoreThe Reformation : Four Challenges For The Catholic Church1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reformation: Four Challenges to the Catholic Church The Reformation was a European religious movement of monumental proportions and consequences, during which a new Christian religion, Protestantism, was created. Protestantism differs from other forms of Christianity in that it is not a single church, but many different churches, denominations, and congregations, it is extremely diverse. The first proto-Protestant congregations, even predate the Reformation, drawing their origins from an earlierRead MoreJohn Calvin s Contributions Of The Reformation1325 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Calvin’s Contributions Calvin’s strength as a reformer was his brilliance to organize the Ecclesiastical Ordinances within the church that would bring structure among the church and elders. Furthermore, his writings brought structure to the reformation and shaped theological doctrines. John Calvin was a major contributor as a reformer in Geneva. The Protestants were throughout Europe, and were considered leaders of the Reformation. Calvin’s work in the writing of the Institutes would arouse

History Of Music Education Greek, Roman And Egyptian Argumentative Essay Example For Students

History Of Music Education: Greek, Roman And Egyptian Argumentative Essay Make Music; Make History Think of a flute. By contrast to todays auditory technology, it seems like such a simple Instrument; a long rod with holes In It to pass alarm through creating sound. So simple in fact, a flute may have been the first musical instrument I history. A in Southern Germany, a flute similar to the one youre thinking of was found, only this flute is thought to be 35,000 years old. L This flutes story, unlike its build, is anything but simple. This flute Is thought to be the mark of collocation of the Paleolithic era. It, and he music It creates Is an example of a human civilization going from merely surviving, to thriving, a pattern that would live on throughout human history. Seen through comparative analysis of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian timeliness; societies focus on music as well as music education marks the height of that civilizations academic, economic and spiritual existence. We can begin where many Ideas in history have begun, in Ancient Greece. Eternally a stronghold of western civilization and topic of many a history lecture, Ancient Greece Is a prime example of music marking the height of a nations society. In the precious time after the Persian Wars, but before the onset of the Peloponnesus Wars, Greece experienced what is known as the Golden Age or Classical Age of Greece While the Golden Age was literally named after the detailed statues and intricate pottery work found from that time in Greek history, the name also serves as a strong and accurate connotative meaning. It was during this age Greece, as well as Greek music, was at Its peak. Just as Greek government was pioneering the new use of democracy, Greek society was experimenting with a whole new perspective on music. What had previously mostly been use for official military matters and exclusive celebrations was now being seen as an art; music became mainstream. Most music of the time was monophonic, It wasnt usually written out but learned by ear or taught by ex ample. Later to be advanced by philosophers and students. 4 But it was the concept of musics integration into every day society that revealed Graces rise to being a great civilization. Greece as a nation was no longer Just trying to sustain life and gain land, they had moved past that onto exploring new ideas and wondering about the universe and their own existence, There were now artistic standards to be taught and followed, ones that would last for a sizeable denomination of Western Civilization. Athens, the capitol of Greece, led the forefront of the musical as well as educational focuses. Being the cultural and educational center of the world at the time, it would only make sense. In Athens, the great philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle studied and theorized about music, further regulating the art and more importantly making it considered a significant part of society. Plato in particular tryingly stressed musics role in education, he himself being a teacher. He believed music education, both vocal and Instrumental, was necessary to strengthen the minds of his students. Being a student of Plato, Aristotle followed these ideas while inputting his own. Aristotle endorsed the concept of music as an enjoyable art, Offs especially I RSI role In drama Ana celebration. In Plat so Academy (winner Aristotle also taught) music took center stage in many classroom debates and Socratic seminars. The Academy students were taught music as an important art, and spread this idea cross Greece as The Academy was one of the most influential institutions of the early civilization, touching the minds of many and spreading the concepts and ideas through the youth. 5 No matter their styles, the two philosophers ideas on everything; politics, science, philosophy and of course music, were known to be true in all of Greece, cementing music education as a prime part off blossoming society. Emily Dickinson, A Creative Poet During The Mid-nineteenth Century, Wr EssayThis wealth and remote stability was responsible for several of the great pyramids, extravagant tombs and rich decorations of the time, rendering the New Kingdom Egypt strongest point in ancient history. 10 Percussion instruments such as drums and bells were popular and usually served one specific purpose. Egypt was also well tuned with reed instruments; ancient flutes and clarinets made of intricate parallel deed pipes played with mouthpieces and finger holes. With the glamour of the time, instruments were not Just instruments, they were commonly decorated to suit whatever their purpose or event was. Just like the tombs and pyramids, Egyptian instruments were an expression of the culture of the time. Along with the well-known architectural and monumental feats of the New Kingdom, the fine arts took full advantage of this new grand period of Egyptian history. Unlike most other early cultures, attributes of the time were well documented with actual pictures, and the art of the time was portrayed in both walls and scrolls. L While not much is known about the musical composition of the time, there is immense knowledge about the musical instruments used. Instruments of the New Kingdom ranged from as simple as the human hand clapping to a beat to as complicated as string instruments resembling the modern harp. Not much is known about early Egyptian instruments, partially for lack of documentation and partially for lack of existence. It was only when an influx of wealth and cultural superiority cam to Egypt in the New Kingdom that music was embraced and recorded. Musical involvement in an Egyptian society increased with the economic and political power Egypt had, leading to a richer and more intellectual culture. The use of music and education of the art directly correlated with an increase of extensive burial and wedding ceremonies and impressive social and political events. 12 Be it Greek education, Roman Expansion or Egyptian riches, music, and music education is most relevant in a civilization at the height of its existence. The study of ancient of ancient civilizations can also teach us a lot about our modern world, and music education is no exception. Even today in the United States, the pattern of what a society is focused on depends on its economic and political status continues Just like it did in Greece, Rome, and Egypt. Faced with a twenty first century recession and heavily disputed political system, Americas focus on music and music education is dwindling. It is a known fact that when a school or after school program doesnt have sufficient funding, music and coir programs are usually the first to go. In a recession such as the one we are currently in the midst of, Tower students connotes to major In Titles sun as music performance Ana music education, presumably for fear of not being able to find work in creative fields. While newspaper articles, official debates and even local news are focused on universal healthcare, foreign relations and the constant worry of employment rates, music is being left behind. It is simply a matter of focus. As a product of evolution, our priorities lay in doing what it takes to survive, and as with all other times in history, that of course does not include music or its teaching. When the going gets tough, the tough forget about he arts, but luckily, when a civilization is at its greatest, music and USIA education shine.

Influences on the Establishment of Yellowstone and Yosemite Essays

Influences on the Establishment of Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks The National Parks System was not begun by any one person, but created over a number of years in response to a variety of causes and interests. The first National Parks, Yellowstone and Yosemite, and future national parks were established as a result of many differing influences from money making ventures, writings of current authors, the press, political activists, conservationists and preservationists to the new interest of the East coast citizens in the adventure and natural wonders of the West coast. The focus of this paper is the influence of artists, railroads and newly emerging conservationists and preservationists in promoting and establishing Yellowstone and Yosemite and the idea of National Parks in the United States from 1860 -1890. First to be considered are the artists, landscape painters and photographers, of the mid 1800?s and their influence on the development and popularity of Yellowstone and Yosemite. The distance and cost to travel to the Western reaches of the United States from the populated and settled East coast made it difficult for most Americans to really know the wonders of the West in the early 1800?s. Some writers of the time tried to ?paint a picture? but their words could not convey the breathtaking beauty of Yellowstone and Yosemite. As a result of the interest in what was being written and reported, artists were hired to paint and portray these regions. These visuals proved the writer?s words were not exaggerating the natural beauty. The Hudson River School of landscape painting in the Northeast was popular at the time, but their techniques did not work to show the size and magnificence of the western wonders. The Rocky Mountain School of landscape painting, which began during the late 1850s and 1860s, was co-founded by Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran. [1] The artists of the Rocky Mountain School of landscape painting followed a different course in portraying the rugged mountains, deep canyons and waterfalls of Yosemite and Yellowstone. They used bright colors and exaggeration to emphasize the dramatic scenery and natural wonders of these treasured areas in the west. Albert Bierstadt, the main artist influencing the establishment of Yosemite as a park, traveled west to the Rocky Mountains in 1859 and sketched the mountains of the Wind River area in Wyoming. He returned to his home in New York and displayed his work. His painting, The Base of the Rocky Mountains, Laramie Peak, was huge (4? by 9 feet) and caught the interest of many viewers. Bierstadt returned west in 1863 and traveled to California this time where he saw Yosemite Valley. His sketches during a seven week trip, following the path of earlier visitors, lead to a series of paintings. His popular paintings from the sketches from this trip include The Rocky Mountains (1863), Valley of the Yosemite (1864), and Domes of the Yosemite (1867). The painting, Domes of the Yosemite, with a size of 9 ? feet by 15 feet sold for $25,000 in 1867, a record breaking price to be paid for a painting by an American artist. [2] The works of artist Thomas Moran and photographer, William Henry Jackson, gave push to the establishment of Yellowstone as a national park. Thomas Moran was an artist known by financier Jay Cooke of the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1871 Mr. Cooke recommended to Dr. Hayden that he should invite Moran to join his expedition into the remote Yellowstone region. During the forty day journey Moran documented sites with his sketches and kept a diary. His sketches with Jackson?s photographs grabbed the nation?s attention and helped encourage Congress to establish Yellowstone as the first national park in 1872. Congress even bought one of his landscapes for $10,000. [3] The paintings and photographs made known the magnitude and majesty of the scenic Yellowstone region more than any written or oral descriptions could. The dramatic visual presentation of the area helped in persuading President Grant and the US Congress that Yellowstone should be preserved. The railroads, specifically the Northern Pacific and Union and Central Pacific, played roles in the development of Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks. A growing interest in vacationing in California and the west instead of Europe created a